The maximum achievable ozone concentration in a fixed volume depends on various factors:

  1. The ozone production rate
  2. The solubility coefficient of ozone in water. According to Henry’s law the solubility of gasious ozone in water at a given temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of ozone. You can find values for the solubility coefficient in relevant literature [1]. You may also calculate them using the empiric formula: logS = -0.25 – 0.013T (T: temperature in °C, S: concentration in water divided by concentration in gas in mol/liter)
  3. The efficiency of ozone transfer to water. It depends on the contact surface gas/water and the contact time. It is determined mainly by the bubble size and the height of the bubble column. Pressure and turbulence are positive factors for the transfer of ozone to water.
  4. The decay rate of ozone in water. As a rule of thumb, the rate of ozone decay and/or its reaction with dissolved reducing agents is proportional to its concentration in water. In order to keep a specific concentration level of ozone the production rate needs to be adjusted.

If Microcells are installed in pipes the ozone concentration additionally depends on factors like flow rate and speed as well as the residence time of the gas bubbles in the pipe.

[1] J. Carell Morris, The aqueous solubility of ozone – a review (Ozone News, Nr.1, 1988)